Conductor John Eliot Gardiner writes that some of Bach’s sacred cantatas contain “more darkness than light,” which is the case this week, too. There are four cantatas for the Fifteenth Sunday after Trinity: “Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz?” (BWV 138, “Why are you troubled, my heart?”), “Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan” (BWV 99, “What God doth, is well done”), “Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen!” (BWV 51, “Rejoice unto God in all lands!”), and BWV 100 which is also entitled, “Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan.”
BWV 138 “charts the beleaguered Christian’s journey from profound distress of mind and soul, punctuated by (choral) injunctions to hold fast, to an eventual solidity of faith.” We've so often seen in Bach's cantatas that distress: the believer's confrontation with his/her sinful unworthiness, the believer's heartache at the difficulties of life. As in the psalms, distress is more than matched by affirmations of God's love and care. For instance, midway through this cantata, the struggling soul is assured of God’s providential care.
How can I calmly discharge my duties,
when sighs are my meat and tears my drink?
He can and will not forsake you,
He knows full well what you lack,
heaven and earth are His!
BWV 51 is generally a brighter cantata that “seems never to lose its glitter and charm – provided, of course, that there is a soprano and a trumpeter equal to its ferocious technical demands.” There is more of an emphasis here upon God's blessings and greatness.
Rejoice unto God in all lands! Every creature
in heaven and the world must exalt His fame,
and we would likewise bring our God an offering now,
for that He has always stood beside us in affliction and distress.
BWV 99 and 100, with the same title and the same author of the texts, were written about a decade apart. (The “Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis” numbers reflect themes rather than chronology.) Gardiner discusses the similarities and differences between the two, both of which affirm God’s care, guidance, and faithfulness as we struggle through trials and our own faults. In the text of 100, the title repeats at the beginning of each number.
What God doth, is well done,
He will not deceive me;
He leads me on the proper path,
and so I am content
to enjoy His favour
and show patience.
He shall avert my misfortune,
He has the power to do so.
Given the cover photo, I thought of the 2002 National Geographic article about the photographers reunion with "the Afghan girl." Her life has been very difficult, like millions of others in that part of the world. But she affirms that it was God's will that she could be alive and located by the photographer. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2002/04/afghan-girl/index-text God has the power to avert misfortunate, but we also affirm that God stands by us if we remain in affliction and distress. We have to remain constant---and strong---in faith whether or not our adversity is removed. And who knows how God will surprise us with signs of providential care?
(As the CD notes indicate, all English translations are by Richard Stokes.)
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